فهرست:
فصل اول : کلیات... 1
1-1-مقدمه. 1
1-2-ضرورت بررسی رفتار پلها تحت اثر بار انفجاری.. 2
1-3-ساختار و اهداف تحقیق.. 4
فصل دوم : مروری بر ادبیات موضوع. 5
2-1-مقدمه. 5
2-2-معرفی انفجار. 5
2-3- بارگذاری انفجاری.. 6
2-4- رفتار مصالح در نرخ کرنش بالا : 15
2-5- متد تحلیلی آنالیز سازه ها در برابر انفجار. 21
2-6-پاسخ سیستم تک درجه آزادی به بار انفجاری.. 25
2-7- پاسخ پل به بار انفجاری: 28
2-8- پیشینه تحقیقات عددی.. 30
2-9-تحقیقات آزمایشگاهی.. 44
فصل سوم: روش تحقیق و تکنیک مدلسازی.. 59
3-1-مقدمه. 59
3-2- معرفی و تحلیل و طراحی پل مورد تحقیق.. 59
3-3-مدل سازی در نرم افزار ANSYS. 66
فصل چهارم ارائه نتایج ، بحث و نتیجه‌گیری.. 89
4-1- انفجار در وسط دهانه میانی.. 89
4-2-انفجار بر روی عرشه در محل پایه. 129
4-3–نتیجه گیری.. 168
منابع.. 170
منبع:
1-Winget, D. G., K. A. Marchand, and E. B. Williamson. (2004). “Analysis of Blast Loads on Substructures.” Proceedings, Structures under Shock and Impact. Greece.
2-Williamson, E. B. et al. (2010). “Blast-resistant highway bridges: Design and detailing guidelines.” National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 645, Transportation Research Board of
3-Jenkins, B. M., and L. N. Gersten. (2001). Protecting Public Surface Transportation against Terrorism and Serious Crime. Mineta Transportation Institute: San Jose, California
4-Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT). (2007). “Interstate 35W Bridge Collapse.” http://www.dot.state.mn.us/i35wbridge/ index.html. Accessed April 20, 2008.
5-Mays G.C. and Smith P.D. (2003), "Blast effects on buildings-Design of buildings to optimize resistance to blast loading", Thomas Telford, London.
6-Conrath, E. J., Krauthammer, T., Marchand, K. A., and Mlakar, P. F. (1999). Structural design for physical security: State of practice, ASCE, Reston, VA.
7-Hopkingson B, British Ordnance board minutes 13565, 1915.
8-Glasstone S. and P. J. Dolan. (1997), “The Effects of Nuclear Weapons”, 3rd Edition. The United States Department of Defense and the United States Department of Energy: Washington, D.C
9-U.S. Department of Army Technical Manual, TM5-1300, Design of structures to resist the effect of accidental explosions, Washington DC, 1990.
10-UFC-3-340-02. Structures to resist the effect of accidental explosions. US Department of the Army, Navy and Air Force Technical Manual; 2008.
11-Rankin W.J.H. Phil. Trans. Roy Soe., 1870, 160, 277-288
12-Brode H.L. Numerical solution of spherical blast waves. J. App. Phys., 1955, No. 6, June.
13-Henrych, J. (1979). The Dynamics of Explosion and Its Use, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
14-Newmark, N.M. and Hansen, R.J., “Design of blast resistant structures,” Shock and Vibration Handbook, Vol. 3, Eds. Harris
15-Smith, P. D. and Hetherington, J. G. Blast and ballistic loading of structures. London: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, 1994.
16-Krauthammer T, Assadi-Lamouki A, Shanaa HM. Analysis of impulsive loaded
reinforced concrete structural
17-Malvar LJ, “Review of Static and Dynamic Properties of Steel Reinforcing Bars”, ACI Materials Journal, 95(5), ACI, Detroit, Michigan, pp. 609-616, 1998.
18-Cowper, G. R., and Symonds, P. S. (1957). “Strain hardening and strain rate effect in the impact loading of cantilever beams.” Rep., Brown Univ., Div. of Applied Mathematics, Providence, RI.
19-Winget, D. G., K. A. Marchand, and E. B. Williamson. (2004). “Analysis of Blast Loads on Substructures.” Proceedings, Structures under Shock and Impact. Greece.
20-Bounds, W., ed. (1998). Concrete and Blast Effects. Special Publication(SP-175). American Concrete Institute. Farmington Hills, MI.
21-Biggs, J. M. (1964). Introduction to structural dynamics, McGraw-Hill, Inc. New York.
22-Hao H, Tang EKC. Numerical simulation of a cable-stayed bridge response to blast loads, Part I: Model Development and response calculations. Eng Struct 2010; 32:3193_205.
23-Hao H, Tang EKC. Numerical simulation of a cable-stayed bridge response to blast loads, Part II: damage prediction and FRP strengthening. Eng Struct 2010; 32:3193_205
24-Son J, Lee HJ. Performance of cable-stayed bridge pylons subjected to blast loading. Eng Struct 2011; 33(4):1133–48.
25-Son, J. and Astaneh-Asl, A. (2008). “Blast Resistance of Steel Orthotropic Bridge Decks”, report no. UCB/CEE-STEEL-08/01, Dept. of Civil and Env. Engineering, Univ. of California, Berkeley
27-Riedel W., Thoma K., Hiermaier S., Schmolinske E.: Penetration of Reinforced Concrete by BETA-B-500, Numerical Analysis using a New Macroscopic Concrete Model for Hydrocodes. Proc. (CD-ROM) 9. Internationales Symposium, Interaction of the Effects of Munitions with Structures, Berlin Strausberg, 03.-07. Mai 1999, pp 315 – 32
28-W. Riedel, Beton unter dynamischen Lasten: Meso- und makromechanische Modelle und ihre Parameter, Ed.: Fraunhofer-Institut für Kurzzeitdynamik, Ernst-Mach-Institut EMI, Freiburg/Brsg., Fraunhofer IRB Verlag 2004, ISBN 3-8167-6340-5, http://www.irbdirekt.de/irbbuch/
29-Werner Riedel, Nobuaki Kawai and Ken-ichi Kondo, Numerical Assessment for Impact Strength Measurements in Concrete Materials, International Journal of Impact Engineering 36 (2009), pp. 283-293 DOI information: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.12.012