پایان نامه بررسی رفتار خزشی خاک ماس های مسلح شده با الیاف ژئوسنتتیک در شرایط آزمایشگاهی

فهرست:

فصل اول: کلیات

1-1- مقدمه ................................................................................................................................................................................2

1-2- بیشینه و روش تحقیق.......................................................................................................................................................3

1-3- اهداف ...............................................................................................................................................................................5

1-4- ترتیب پایان نامه ...............................................................................................................................................................5

فصل دوم: بیشینه تحقیق

2-1- مقدمه ...............................................................................................................................................................................8

2-2- تعریف خزش ...................................................................................................................................................................9

2-3- تعریف ژئوسنتتیک .........................................................................................................................................................10

2-3-1- تاریخچه ژئوسنتتیک ...............................................................................................................................................11

2-4- هدف از بررسی تغییرشکل‌های خزشی ........................................................................................................................11

2-5- بررسی های آزمایشگاهی و نظریه های مربوط به رفتار وابسته به زمان در خاک‌ها ..................................................13

2-6- تغییرشکل های خزشی در خاک‌های رسی ..................................................................................................................19

2-6-1- آزمایش خزشی یک بعدی .......................................................................................................................................19

2-6-2- آزمایش خزشی سه محوری ....................................................................................................................................20

2-7- تغییرشکل های خزشی در خاک‌های ماسه ای ..............................................................................................................22

2-7-1- آزمایش خزشی یک بعدی.........................................................................................................................................22

2-7-2- آزمایش خزشی سه محوری.......................................................................................................................................23

2-8- فاکتورهای تاثیرگذار بر ضریب تراکم ثانویه .................................................................................................................25

2-8-1- ارتباط شاخص تراکم و ضریب تراکم ثانویه ............................................................................................................25 2-8-2- ارتباط تراکم ثانویه و سطوح تنش ............................................................................................................................25

2-8-3- ارتباط تراکم ثانویه و فشار پیش تحکیمی ...............................................................................................................25

2-8-4- ضریب تراکم ثانویه رس های معدنی ایلیت، کائولونیت و اسمکتیت ....................................................................28

2-8-5- تغییرات ضریب فشار در حالت سکون K0 طی تراکم ثانویه ..................................................................................29

2-8-6- ارتباط کرنش و زمان .................................................................................................................................................30

2-9- رفتار خزشی خاک در سطح میکروسکوپیک .................................................................................................................32

2-9-1- خاک‌های رسی .........................................................................................................................................................32

2-9-2- خاک‌های ماسه ای ....................................................................................................................................................33 2-9-3- رفتار غیرخطی در تغییر شکل ماسه .........................................................................................................................33

2-9-4- رفتار خزشی ماسه در تنش های پایین .....................................................................................................................34

2-9-5- رفتار خزشی و شکست ذرات ماسه در تنش‌های بالا ...............................................................................................35

2-10- تغییرات وابسته به زمان ساختار خاک ........................................................................................................................37

2-11- خزش در ژئوسنتتیک ..................................................................................................................................................38

فصل سوم: مواد و روش پژوهش

3-1- مقدمه ...........................................................................................................................................................................42

3-2- مصالح استفاده شده ........................................................................................................................................................44

3-2-1- خاک ماسه (ماسه اوتاوا) ............................................................................................................................................44

3-2-2- خاک رس (رس کائولونیتی) ......................................................................................................................................44

3-3- ژئوسنتتیک ...................................................................................................................................................................45

3-3-1- ژئوتکستایل‌ها ...........................................................................................................................................................45

3-3-1-1- ژئوتکستایل‌های بافنه نشده ................................................................................................................................46

3-4- بررسی های آزمایشگاهی ...............................................................................................................................................47 3-4-1- آزمایش دانه بندی ....................................................................................................................................................47

3-4-2- آزمایش چگالی نسبی ...............................................................................................................................................48

3-4-3- آزمایش حدخمیری ...................................................................................................................................................49

3-4-4- آزمایش حدروانی .......................................................................................................................................................50

3-5- آماده سازی نمونه ها .....................................................................................................................................................51

3-6- استاندارد دستگاه تحکیم ................................................................................................................................................52

3-6-1- استاندارد بارگذاری آزمایش تحکیم یک بعدی .........................................................................................................55

3-6-2- آزمایش‌های تک مرحله‌ای، چندمرحله‌ای و بارگذاری-باربرداری بر نمونه های ماسه رس‌دار مسلح نشده… 57

3-6-2-1- آزمایش خزشی تک مرحله‌ای .............................................................................................................................58

3-6-2-2- آزمایش خزشی چندمرحله‌ای ..............................................................................................................................58

3-6- 2-3- آزمایش خزشی بارگذاری-باربرداری ...................................................................................................................58

3-6- 2-4- آزمایش‌های خزشی تک مرحله‌ای بر نمونه های ماسه ای مسلح شده با الیاف ژئوتکستایل .........................59

فصل چهارم: نتایج و یافته های پژوهش

4-1- مقدمه ..............................................................................................................................................................................61

4-2- نتایج آزمایش‌های تک مرحله‌ای، چندمرحله‌ای و بارگذاری – باربرداری بر نمونه های ماسه رس‌دار ...................61

4-3- نتایج آزمایش‌های تک مرحله‌ای بر نمونه های ماسه رس‌دار مسلح شده با الیاف ژئوتکستایل ................................69

4-4-  تاثیر آب منفذی بر شاخص تراکم (Cc) ...............................................................................................................75

4-5- تاثیر سطوح تنش بر ضریب تراکم ثانویه (Cα)..............................................................................................................75

4-6- تاثیرمسلح کردن خاک با الیاف ژئوتکستایل بر تراکم ثانویه....................................................................................76

4-7- تاثیر تاریخچه تنش بر تراکم ثانویه................................................................................................................................76

منبع:

-محمد بلوچی، زینب قناد، خصوصیات و کاربردهای مصالح ژئوسنتتیک، فصلنامه کیسون. پاییز1389

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