فهرست:
فصل اول: مقدمه
1-1- مقدمه. 2
1-2- پردازش زبانهای طبیعی.. 3
1-3- ترجمهی ماشینی.. 8
1-3-1- روشهای ترجمهی ماشینی 10
1-3-1-1- روشهای مبتنی بر قانون.. 11
1-3-1-2- روشهای مبتنی بر پیکره 13
1-3-2- عوامل موثر بر کیفیت ترجمه 15
1-4- ساختار رساله. 17
فصل دوم: رفع ابهام معنایی
2-1- مقدمه. 20
2-2- انواع منابع دانش.... 22
2-2-1- منابع دانش ساختیافته 23
2-2-2- منابع دانش بدون ساختار 24
2-2-2-1 تقسیمبندی دیگری از پیکرهها 25
2-3- رویکردهای مختلف در رفع ابهام معنایی.. 26
2-3-1- دیدگاه مبتنی بر پیکره 26
2-3-1-1- سیستمهای نظارتی.. 26
2-3-1-2- سیستمهای غیرنظارتی.. 27
2-3-2- دیدگاه مبتنی بر دانش 28
2-3-3- دیدگاه ترکیبی و خلاقانه 30
2-4- فاکتورهای ارزیابی.. 30
2-4-1- پوشش 31
2-4-2- دقت 31
2-4-3- درستی و یادآوری 31
2-4-4- F-SCORE 32
فصل سوم: مروری بر کارهای مرتبط پیشین
3-1- مقدمه. 34
3-2- روشهای نظارتی.. 35
3-3- روشهای غیرنظارتی.. 39
3-4- روشهای مبتنی بر دانش.... 41
3-5- روشهای ترکیبی و خلاقانه. 44
فصل چهارم: روش پیشنهادی
4-1- مقدمه. 51
4-2- معرفی ابزارها و منابع مورد استفاده 52
4-2-1- ریشهیاب 52
4-2-2- برچسب گذار بخشی از گفتار 53
4-2-3- وردنت 54
4-2-4- وردنت توسعه یافته 57
4-2-5- دامنهی وردنت 59
4-3- مراحل روش پیشنهادی.. 59
4-3-1- استخراج کلمات همراه 60
4-3-1-1- پیش پردازش.... 61
4-3-2- استخراج فهرست لغات 61
4-3-2-1- کلمات مترادف و تعاریف... 62
4-3-2-2- کلیهی روابط معنایی.. 62
4-3-2-3- هایپرنیم در چند سطح.. 63
4-3-2-4- دامنهی کلمات... 64
4-3-2-5- امتیازدهی.. 64
فصل پنجم: پیادهسازی و ارزیابی
5-1- مقدمه. 67
5-2- نتایج.. 68
فصل ششم: جمعبندی و نتیجهگیری
6-1- جمعبندی.. 71
6-2- کارهای آتی.. 72
فهرست منابع.. 74
منبع:
[1] D. Martinez Iraolak, “Supervised Word Sense Disambiguation: Facing Current Challenges,” University of the Basque Country, 2004.
[2] A. H. Rasekh, “Word Sense Disambiguation Based on Conceptual and Morphological Analysis of Words,” Shiraz University, 2012.
[3] A. R. Rezapour, “An Investigation into Knowledge-Based Machine Translation in Persian Language,” Shiraz University, 2011.
[4] S. M. Fakhrahmad, “Machine Translation Using Data Mining Methods and Deductive Schemes,” Shiraz University, 2012.
[5] E. Shafiee, “Applying a Supervised and Knowledge-Based Approach to Word Sense Disambiguation,” Shiraz University, 2013.
[6] http://people.lett.unitn.it/baroni/tp/materials/WSD-HLT-2011.pdf
[7] A. E. Agirre and P. G. Edmonds, “Word Sense Disambiguation: Algorithms and Applications,” Springer Science + Business Media, Vol. 33, 2006.
[8] R. Navigli, " Word Sense Disambiguation: A Survey,” ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 41, No. 2, Article. 10, 2009.
[9] http://icame.uib.no/brown/bcm.html#n1
[10] H. T. Ng and H. B. Lee, “Integrating Multiple Knowledge Sources to Disambiguate Word Sense: An Exemplar-Based Approach,” Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 40-47, 1996.
[11] A. R. Rezapour, S. M. Fakhrahmad and M. H. Sadreddini, “Applying Weighted KNN to Word Sense Disambiguation,” Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2011, Vol. III, 2011.
[12] M. Nameh, S.M. Fakhrahmad and M. Zolghadri Jahromi, “A New Approach to Word Sense Disambiguation,” Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2011 (WCE 2011), London, Vol. I, 2011.
[13] T. Pedersen, “A Simple Approach to Building Ensembles of Naïve Bayesian Classifiers for Word Sense Disambiguation,” Proceedings of the 1st Annual Meeting of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computation Linguistics, Seattle, pp. 63-69, 2000.
[14] S. Elmougy, T. Hamza and H. M. Noaman, “Naïve Bayes Classifier for Arabic Word Sense Disambiguation,” Proceedings of the INFOS2008, pp. 16-21, 2008.
[15] P. F. Brown, S. A. DellaPietra, V. J. DellaPietra and R. L. Mercer, “Word Sense Disambiguation Using Statistical Methods,” Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 264-70, 1991.
[16] I. Dagan and A. Itai, “Word sense disambiguation using a second language monolingual corpus,” Association for Computational Linguistics, 20(4): 563–96, 1994.
[17] M. Soltani and H. Faili, “A Statistical Approach on Persian Word Sense Disambiguation,” The 7th International Conference on Informatics and Systems (INFOS), pp. 1-6, 2010.
[18] D. Yarowsky, “Unsupervised word sense disambiguation rivaling supervised methods,” Proceeding ACL '95 Proceedings of the 33rd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, pp.189-196, 1995.
[19] X. Wang, “Automatic acquisition of English topic signatures based on a second language,” Proceedings of the ACL 2004 workshop on Student research, 2004.
[20] M. Lesk, “Automatic Sense Disambiguation Using Machine Readable Dictionaries: How to Tell a Pine Cone From an Ice Cream Cone,” Proceedings of the 5th Annual International Conference on Systems Documentation, New York, pp. 24-26, 1986.
[21] S. Banerjee and T. Pedersen, “An Adapted Lesk Algorithm for Word Sense Disambiguation Using WordNet,” Proceedings of the Third Computational linguistics and intelligent text processing, pp. 136-145, 2002.
[22] A. Kilgarriff and J. Rosenzweig, “English SENSEVAL: Report and results,” Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, 2000.
[23] S. Banerjee and T. Pedersen, “Extended gloss overlaps as a measure of semantic relatedness,” International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 18, pp. 805-810, 2003.
[24] F. Vasilescu, P. Langlais and G. Lapalme, “Evaluating Variants of the Lesk Approach for Disambiguating Words,” Proceedings of the Conference of Language Resources and Evaluations, pp. 633-636, 2004.
[25] S. Kumar Naskar and S. Bandyopadhyay, “JU-SKNSB: extended WordNet based WSD on the English all-words task at SemEval-1,” Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluations, pp. 203-206, 2007.
[26] D. Yarowsky, “Word Sense Disambiguation Using Statistical Models of Roget’s Categories Trained on Large Corpora,” Proceedings of 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, pp.454–60, 1992.
[27] R.Mihalcea and D. Moldovan, “An Iterative Approach to Word Sense Disambiguation,” Proceedings of FLAIRS, pp. 219-223, 2000.
[28] A. H. Rasekh and M. H. Sadreddini, “Word Sense Disambiguation Algorithms Based on the Context, Structure and Meaning,” International Journal of Signal and Data Processing, Vol. 2, pp. 40-47, 2013.
[29] S.M. Fakhrahmad, A.R. Rezapour, M. Zolghadri Jahromi and M.H. Sadreddini, “A New Word Sense Disambiguation System Based on Deduction,” Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, vol. II, pp. 1276-1281, 2011.
[30] M. F. Porter, “An Algorithm for Suffix Stripping,” in Program: Electronic Library and Information Systems, Vol. 14 Issue: 3, pp. 130 – 137, 1980.
[31] R. Krovetz , “Viewing Morphology as an Inference Process,” in R. Korfhage et al., Proc 16th ACM SIGIR Conference, Pittsburgh, pp. 191-202, June 27-July 1,1993.
[32] K. Glass and S. Bangay, “Evaluating Parts-of-Speech Taggers for Use in a Text-to-Scene Conversion System,” Proceedings of SAICSIT, pp.1-9, 2005.
[33] http://nlp.stanford.edu/nlp/javadoc/javanlp/edu/stanford/nlp/tagger/maxent/ MaxnetTagger.html
[34] http://wordnet.princeton.edu
[35] http://xwn.hlt.utdallas.edu
[36] L. Bentivogli, P. Forner, B. Magnini and E. Pianta, “Revising WordNet Domains hierarchy: semantics, coverage, and balancing,” In Proceedings of COLING 2004 Workshop on Multilingual Linguistic Resources, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 101-108, August 28, 2004.
[37] B. Magnini and G. Cavaglia, “Integrating Subject Field Codes into WordNet,” Proceedings of LREC-2000, Second International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, pp. 1413-1418 Athens, Greece, 31 May - 2 June, 2000.
[38] J. J. Jiang and D. W. Conrath, “Semantic similarity based on corpus statistics and lexical taxonomy”, arXiv preprint cmp-lg/9709008, 1997.
[39] http://www.cse.unt.edu/~rada/downloads.html
[40] محمدرضا فلاحتی قدیمی فومنی: ابهام در ماشین ترجمه. فصلنامه سازمان کتابخانهها، موزهها و اسناد مرکز آستان قدس رضوی، 35، 1386.
[41] امیر شهاب شهابی و عبدالحسین صراف زاده: ترجمهی ماشینی زبان فارسی: راهکارها و موانع. در تازههای علوم شناختی، سال 3، شماره 1 و 2، 1380.