پایان نامه مقایسه تأثیر دو روش قنداق کردن و ساکاروز خوراکی بر میزان درد ناشی از تعبیه لوله بینی معدی در نوزادان نارس - کارآزمپایان¬نامه جهت اخذ درجه کارشناسی ارشد پرستاری مراقبت ویژه نوزادان

فهرست:

فصل اول:

1 – 1 عنوان پژوهش ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 – 1 زمینه پژوهش  ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1

3 – 1 هدف کلی ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

4 – 1 اهداف اختصاصی ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

5 – 1 فرضیات پژوهش ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 5

6 – 1 پیش فرض­های پژوهش ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6

7 – 1 اهداف کاربردی پژوهش ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6

8 – 1 تعریف واژهای اختصاصی ........................................................................................................................................................................ 7

فصل دوم:

پیشینه­های نظری پژوهش ................................................................................................................................................................................... 10

A) چارچوب پنداشتی .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 10

1 – 2 درد ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10

1 – 1 -2 نوزاد نارس و درد ............................................................................................................................................................................... 12

2 – 1 -2 فیزیولوژی درد ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 13

3 – 1 -2 ارزیابی درد ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 15

4 – 1 -2 نشانه­های درد ........................................................................................................................................................................................17

5 – 1 -2 عوارض درد ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 20

6 – 1 -2 ابزارهای سنجش درد ...................................................................................................................................................................... 21

2 – 2 پروسیجر دردناک .........................................................................................................................................................................................23

1 – 2 -2 جایگذاری لوله بینی معدی ...................................................................................................................................................... 24

3 – 2 روش­های تسکین درد ............................................................................................................................................................................. 24

1 – 3 – 2 روش­های دارویی تسکین درد ................................................................................................................................................ 25

1 – 3 – 2 روش­های تسکین درد غیر دارویی ...................................................................................................................................... 27

الف) روش­های حسی ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 29

الف - 1) ساکارز ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................31

ب) روش­های محیطی ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 33

ج) روش­های رفتاری ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 34

ج – 1) قنداق کردن ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 35

B) مروری بر مطالعات انجام شده .................................................................................................................................................................. 39

فصل سوم:

1 – 3 روش ­پژوهش................................................................................................................................................................................................. 45

2 – 3 نوع ­پژوهش..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 45

3 – 3 جامعه  ­پژوهش.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 46

4 – 3 محیط ­پژوهش............................................................................................................................................................................................... 46

5 – 3 نمونه  ­پژوهش............................................................................................................................................................................................... 46

6 – 3 حجم نمونه....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 47

7 – 3 روش نمونه­گیری.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 47

8 – 3 معیارهای ورود به مطالعه....................................................................................................................................................................... 48

9 – 3 معیارهای خروج از مطالعه...................................................................................................................................................................... 49

10 – 3 ابزارها و روش جمع­آوری اطلاعات............................................................................................................................................... 49

11 – 3 اعتبار علمی ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 52

12 – 3 اعتماد علمی ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 52

13 – 3 روش انجام پژوهش .............................................................................................................................................................................. 53

14 – 3 روش تجزیه وتحلیل آماری ............................................................................................................................................................. 55

15 – 3 فلوچارت کار آزمایی بالینی ................................................................................................................................................................ 56

16 – 3 ملاحظات اخلاقی .....................................................................................................................................................................................57

فصل چهارم:

1 – 4 یافته­های پژوهش .................................................................................................................................. 58

فصل پنجم:

1 – 5 تفسیر یافته ها................................................................................................................................................................................................ 83

2 – 5 نتیجه گیری نهایی...................................................................................................................................................................................... 87

3 – 5 کاربرد یافته­های  ­پژوهش...................................................................................................................................................................... 88

4 – 5 حیطه بالینی و  ­پژوهش........................................................................................................................................................................... 88

5 – 5 حیطه مدیریت پرستاری........................................................................................................................................................................... 88

6 – 5 پیشنهادات......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 89

7 – 5 محدودیت ها................................................................................................................................................................................................... 90

فهرست منابع ............................................................. ................................................................................................................................................ 91

منبع:

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