پایان نامه آنالیز احتمالی پایداری دینامیک میکرو گرید ها با در نظر گرفتن توربین های بادی

فهرست:

فصل اول   1

1-1........... انرژی بادی.. 2

1-1-1...... مروری بر انرژی باد. 2

1-1-2...... تکنولوژی های مختلف توربین بادی.. 6

1-1-2-1.. توربین بادی با ژنراتور القایی قفس سنجابی.. 7

1-1-2-2.. توربین بادی با ژنراتور القایی دو سو تغذیه. 8

1-1-2-3.. توربین بادی با مبدل تمام توان.. 9

1-2........... مقدمه ای بر ریزشبکه ها 10

1-2-1...... تولید پراکنده 10

1-2-2     ریزشبکه ها 12

1-3........... طرح مساله و مروری بر تحقیقات انجام شده 14

1-3-1...... مروری بر تحقیقات انجام شده 14

1-3-2...... تعریف مساله. 16

1-4........... سر فصل ها 17

1-4-1...... فصل دوم: مدلسازی و تعریف معادلات توربین های بادی.. 17

1-4-2...... فصل سوم: معرفی و مدل سازی ریزشبکه. 17

1-4-3.     فصل چهارم: معرفی روش های آنالیز احتمالی.. 18

1-4-4...... فصل پنجم: شبیه سازی و مقایسه. 18

فصل دوم     19

2-1........... توربین های بادی سرعت ثابت [33] 20

2-2........... توربین های بادی سرعت متغیر. 25

2-2-1...... توربین بادی با مبدل تمام توان [35] 25

2-2-1-1.. مدل سازی سیستم قدرت.. 27

2-2-1-2.. مدل سازی سیستم کنترل.. 30

2-2-2...... توربین بادی با ژنراتور القایی دو سو تغذیه. 38

2-2-2-1.. مدل سازی ماشین القایی مورد استفاده در توربین بادی دو سو تغذیه. 39

2-2-2-2.. مدل سازی سیستم کنترل مبدل مورد استفاده در توربین بادی دو سو تغذیه. 41

فصل سوم    44

3-1........... معرفی سیستم ریزشبکه. 45

3-2........... مدل سازی ریزشبکه. 47

3-2-1...... مدل ماشین سنکرون.. 47

3-2-2...... مدل ریزشبکه. 52

3-2-3...... مدل کلی سیستم. 54

فصل چهارم. 56

4-1........... روش های بررسی احتمالی عددی.. 57

4-1-1...... روش مونت-کارلو[25،41] 57

4-1-2...... روش کوانتایز[43] 62

4-2........... روش های بررسی احتمالی تحلیلی.. 63

4-2-1.        روش تخمین دو نقطه ای[27-28، 43-44] 64

4-2-2.       روش مبتنی بر بسط گرم-چارلیر[29-30، 45-47] 67

فصل پنجم 74

5-1........... بررسی پایداری سیستم بدون در نظر گرفتن عدم قطعیت... 75

5-2........... بررسی حساسیت مقادیر ویژه ریزشبکه به حالت های سیستم. 85

5-3........... بررسی احتمالی پایداری سیگنال کوچک با در نظر گرفتن یک متغیر احتمالی.. 92

5-4........... بررسی احتمالی پایداری سیگنال کوچک با در نظر گرفتن چند متغیر احتمالی ورودی.. 104

فصل ششم 114

6-1........... نتیجه گیری.. 115

6-1-1. نتایج مربوط به توربین های بادی.. 115

6-1-2. نتایج مربوط به روش های احتمالی مورد استفاده 115

6-1........... پیشنهادات.. 116

مراجع  ..........................................................‌.‌‌......................................................................................... 118

منبع:

Hassol, Susan Joy. "Emissions Reductions Needed to Stabilize Climate." (2011).

REN 21 Steering Committees. "RenewableS 2013: Global Status Report." (2013): 178.

The World Wind Energy Association (WWEA), world Wind Energy Report 2012.

Anaya-Lara, Olimpo, et al. Wind energy generation: modelling and control. John Wiley & Sons, 2011.

Renewable Energy Organization of Iran (SUNA), Available online on: www.suna.org.ir

Machowski, Jan, Janusz Bialek, and Jim Bumby. Power system dynamics: stability and control. John Wiley & Sons, 2011.

Davis, Murray W. "Distributed resource electric power systems offer significant advantages over central station generation and T & D power systems. II." Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2002 IEEE. Vol. 1. IEEE, 2002.

Ackermann, Thomas, Göran Andersson, and Lennart Söder. "Distributed generation: a definition." Electric power systems research 57.3 (2001): 195-204.

Meliopoulos, AP Sakis. "Challenges in simulation and design of μgrids." Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2002. IEEE. Vol. 1. IEEE, 2002.

Dugan, Roger C. "Distributed resources and reliability of distribution systems."Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2002 IEEE. Vol. 1. IEEE, 2002.

Katiraei, F., and M. R. Iravani. "Power management strategies for a microgrid with multiple distributed generation units." Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on 21.4 (2006): 1821-1831.

El-Fouly, T. H. M., E. F. El-Saadany, and M. M. A. Salama. "Grey predictor for wind energy conversion systems output power prediction." Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on 21.3 (2006): 1450-1452.

Louka, Petroula, et al. "Improvements in wind speed forecasts for wind power prediction purposes using Kalman filtering." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 96.12 (2008): 2348-2362.

Kariniotakis, G. N., G. S. Stavrakakis, and E. F. Nogaret. "Wind power forecasting using advanced neural networks models." Energy conversion, IEEE transactions on 11.4 (1996): 762-767.

Pelacchi, Paolo, and Davide Poli. "The influence of wind generation on power system reliability and the possible use of hydrogen storages." Electric Power Systems Research 80.3 (2010): 249-255.

Black, Mary, and Goran Strbac. "Value of bulk energy storage for managing wind power fluctuations." Energy conversion, IEEE transactions on 22.1 (2007): 197-205.

Đurić, Milenko B., Zoran M. Radojević, and Emilija D. Turković. "A reduced order multimachine power system model suitable for small signal stability analysis." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 20.5 (1998): 369-374.

Coelho, Ernane Antonio Alves, Porfirio Cabaleiro Cortizo, and Pedro Francisco Donoso Garcia. "Small-signal stability for parallel-connected inverters in stand-alone AC supply systems." Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on 38.2 (2002): 533-542.

Tang, Hong, Jun-ling WU, and Shuang-xi ZHOU. "Modeling and Simulation for Small Signal Stability Analysis of Power System Containing Wind Farm [J]."Power System Technology 1 (2004): 009.

Kundur, Prabha, et al. "Application of power system stabilizers for enhancement of overall system stability." Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on 4.2 (1989): 614-626.

Tang, Yousin, and AP Sakis Meliopoulos. "Power system small signal stability analysis with FACTS elements." Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on 12.3 (1997): 1352-1361.

Makarov, Yuri V., Zhao Yang Dong, and David J. Hill. "A general method for small signal stability analysis." Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on 13.3 (1998): 979-985.

Allan, R. N., B. Borkowska, and C. H. Grigg. "Probabilistic analysis of power flows." Electrical Engineers, Proceedings of the Institution of 121.12 (1974): 1551-1556.

Burchett, Robert Calvin, and G. T. Heydt. "Probabilistic methods for power system dynamic stability studies." Power Apparatus and Systems, IEEE Transactions on 3 (1978): 695-702.

Rueda, José L., Delia G. Colomé, and Istvan Erlich. "Assessment and enhancement of small signal stability considering uncertainties." Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on 24.1 (2009): 198-207.

Huang, Huazhang, et al. "Quasi-Monte Carlo Based Probabilistic Small Signal Stability Analysis for Power Systems with Plug-In Electric Vehicle and Wind Power Integration." (2013): 1-9.

Morales, Juan M., and Juan Perez-Ruiz. "Point estimate schemes to solve the probabilistic power flow." Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on 22.4 (2007): 1594-1601.

Yi, Haiqiong, et al. "Power system probabilistic small signal stability analysis using two point estimation method." Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2007. UPEC 2007. 42nd International. IEEE, 2007.

Wang, K. W., et al. "Improved probabilistic method for power system dynamic stability studies." Generation, Transmission and Distribution, IEE Proceedings-. Vol. 147. No. 1. IET, 2000.

Bu, S. Q., et al. "Probabilistic analysis of small-signal stability of large-scale power systems as affected by penetration of wind generation." Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on 27.2 (2012): 762-770.

Mohseni, Mansour, and Syed M. Islam. "Review of international grid codes for wind power integration: Diversity, technology and a case for global standard."Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16.6 (2012): 3876-3890.

Kundur, Prabha. Power system stability and control. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 1994.

Krause, Paul C., et al. Analysis of electric machinery and drive systems. Vol. 75. John Wiley & Sons, 2013.

Yazdani, Amirnaser, and Reza Iravani. Voltage-sourced converters in power systems. John Wiley & Sons, 2010.

Katiraei, F., M. R. Iravani, and P. W. Lehn. "Small-signal dynamic model of a micro-grid including conventional and electronically interfaced distributed resources." Generation, Transmission & Distribution, IET 1.3 (2007): 369-378.

Pal, B. C., and F. Mei. "Modelling adequacy of the doubly fed induction generator for small-signal stability studies in power systems." Renewable Power Generation, IET 2.3 (2008): 181-190.

Mei, Francoise, and B. C. Pal. "Modal analysis of a grid connected doubly-fed induction generator." Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, 2006. The 3rd IET International Conference on. IET, 2006.

Yang, Lihui, et al. "Oscillatory stability and eigenvalue sensitivity analysis of a DFIG wind turbine system." Energy Conversion, IEEE Transactions on 26.1 (2011): 328-339.

Lei, Yazhou, et al. "Modeling of the wind turbine with a doubly fed induction generator for grid integration studies." Energy Conversion, IEEE Transactions on 21.1 (2006): 257-264.

IEEE Recommended Practice for Industrial and Commercial Power System Analysis, IEEE Std. IEEE Std. 399-1997, 1997.

Helton, Jon C., and Freddie Joe Davis. "Latin hypercube sampling and the propagation of uncertainty in analyses of complex systems." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 81.1 (2003): 23-69.

Platt, John. "Probabilistic outputs for support vector machines and comparisons to regularized likelihood methods." Advances in large margin classifiers 10.3 (1999): 61-74.

Soleimanpour, Nazak, and Mohammad Mohammadi. "Probabilistic small signal stability analysis considering wind energy." Smart Grids (ICSG), 2012 2nd Iranian Conference on. IEEE, 2012.

Su, Chun-Lien. "Probabilistic load-flow computation using point estimate method." Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on 20.4 (2005): 1843-1851.

Dong, Lei, et al. "Probabilistic load flow analysis for power system containing wind farms." Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), 2010 Asia-Pacific. IEEE, 2010.

Cramér, Harald. Mathematical methods of statistics. Vol. 9. Princeton university press, 1999.

Dong, Zhao Yang, Chee Khiang Pang, and Pei Zhang. "Power system sensitivity analysis for probabilistic small signal stability assessment in a deregulated environment." International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems 3.2 (2005): 355-362.