پایان نامه تاثیر راه رفتن دو تکلیفی بر هم آهنگی درون اندامی در جوانان و سالمندان با و بدون سابقه زمین خوردن

فهرست:

صفحه                        

مقدمه و کلیات ............................................................................................................. 1

1-1         سالمندی.. 1

1-2         اهمیت زمین خوردن در سالمندان. 5

1-3         زمین خوردن حین راه رفتن... 9

1-4         شناخت و کنترل حرکات چند تکلیفی.. 11

1-5         راه رفتن دو تکلیفی.. 16

1-6         هماهنگی درون اندامی حین راه رفتن... 17

1-7         بیان مسئله و ضرورت انجام طرح.. 20

1-8         تعریف مفاهیم ومتغیرهای اصلی تحقیق: 22

1-9         هدف از اجرای تحقیق: 27

1-9-1            هدف کلی: 27

1-9-2            اهداف جزئی: 27

1-9-3            اهداف کاربردی: 29

1-10       فرضیات و سوالات تحقیق: 29

مروری بر منابع .......................................................................................................... 31

2-1         مقدمه.. 32

2-2         مطالعات در زمینه راه رفتن دو تکلیفی در سالمندان. 33

2-3         تکالیف ثانویه.. 34

2-4         راه رفتن دو تکلیفی در سالمندان. 39

2-5         مطالعات در زمینه بررسی هم آهنگی بین مفصلی حین راه رفتن در سالمندان. 45

2-6         آزمون ها، پارامترها و ایزارها: 46

2-7         یافته ها: 47

مواد و روش ها .......................................................................................................... 49

3-1         نوع مطالعه: 50

3-2         جامعه و نمونه مورد مطالعه و روش نمونه گیری و گروه بندی: 51

3-3         معیارهای ورود به مطالعه: 51

3-4         حجم نمونه: 52

3-5         ابزار و روش های گردآوری اطلاعات: 52

3-6         روش انجام کار: 56

3-7         روش تحلیل داده های راه رفتن: 61

3-8         روش های آماری تجزیه تحلیل داده ها: 66

3-9         ملاحظات اخلاقی: 67

نتایج.. 69

4-1         نتایج بررسی تکرار پذیری آزمون-باز آزمون. 71

4-2         بررسی ویژگیهای توصیفی متغیرهای زمینه ای و روابط بین سگمانی اندام های تحتانی.. 72

4-3         بررسی نتایج  حاصل از آنالیز تفاوت ها در DP و MARP تحت تاثیر سه عامل گروه، بار شناختی و سرعت راه رفتن. 83

4-4         بررسی نتایج  حاصل از آنالیز تفاوت ها در نمره عملکرد شناختی تحت تاثیر دو عامل گروه و سرعت راه رفتن. 93

4-5         نتایج بررسی همبستگی بین پارامترهای راه رفتن و نمره های پرسشنامه ها و آزمون های عملکردی 97

4-5-1            همبستگی بین پارامترهای راه رفتن و نمره پرسشنامه FES. 97

4-5-2            همبستگی بین پارمترهای راه رفتن و زمان آزمون TUG... 97

4-5-1            همبستگی بین پارامترهای راه رفتن و نمره آزمون عملکردی BBS. 98

4-5-2            همبستگی بین پارامترهای راه رفتن و نمره آزمون های عملکردی در هر یک از گروه های سالمند .................................................................................................................................. 99

بحث و نتیجه گیری. 101

5-1         تغییر پذیری و دینامیک فاز هم آهنگی بین سگمانی ........................................................ 103

5-1-1            تاثیر سالمندی و سابقه زمین خوردن بر تغییرپذیری و دینامیک فاز هم آهنگی بین سگمانی ..................................................................................................................................... 103

5-1-2             تاثیر تکلیف دوگانه بر تغییرپذیری و دینامیک فاز هم آهنگی بین سگمانی ........... 106

5-1-3             تاثیر سرعت راه رفتن بر تغییرپذیری و دینامیک فاز هم آهنگی بین سگمانی ......... 110

5-2         اجرای عملکرد شناختی. 112

5-2-1            تاثیر سالمندی بر اجرای عملکرد شناختی.. 112

5-2-1            تاثیر سرعت بر اجرای عملکرد شناختی.. 113

5-3         همبستگی بین پارامترهای راه رفتن و آزمون های تعادل و تحرک عملکردی.. 115

5-4         محدودیت ها: 117

5-5         پیشنهادات: 118

پیوستها 119

منابع ......................................................................................... 136

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