پایان نامه طراحی و پیاده‌ سازی الگوریتم حلقه قفل فاز در یک جبران‌ ساز استاتیکی

فهرست:

چکیده ................................................................................................................................................................1

فصل اول: مقدمه

1-1پیشگفتار ......................................................................................................................................................2

1-2 تاریخچه PLL و STATCOM ..................................................................................................................4

1-3 بخش‌های سیستم STATCOM ................................................................................................................4

1-3-1 مبدل قدرت ...........................................................................................................................................4

1-3-2 راکتورهای اتصال....................................................................................................................................5

1-3-1 سیستم کنترل .........................................................................................................................................5

فصل دوم : مروری بر استاتکام و کنترل کننده حلقه قفل فاز و توپولوژی‌های آن

2-1تعریف پایداری و علت‌های کاربرد استاتکام و PLL ..................................................................................6

2-1-1 پایداری ولتاژ   ......................................................................................................................................6

2-1-2 پایداری دینامیکی  .................................................................................................................................6

2-1-3 پایداری استاتیکی ولتاژ  .........................................................................................................................7

2-1-4 ضعیف ترین باس  .................................................................................................................................7

2-1-5 جبران‌ساز استاتیکی توان راکتیو (SVC)................................................................................................8

2-1-5-1 مهمترین  کاربردهای SVC .............................................................................................................9

2-1-5-2 رایج ترین انواع  SVC    ................................................................................................................10

2-1-6 جبران‌ساز استاتیکی سنکرون ((STATCOM......................................................................................10

2-1-6-1 مهمترین کاربردهای STATCOM   ...............................................................................................12

2-1-6-2 اصول عملیات STATCOM‌ ..........................................................................................................12

2-1-6-3 جایابی STATCOM در‌یک سیستم قدرت ....................................................................................14

2-1-6-4 مدل‌سازی STATCOM   ..............................................................................................................15

2-1-6-5 انواع کنترل کننده در جبران‌ساز استاتیکی.........................................................................................16

2-1-7 مقایسه STATCOM با SVC   ...........................................................................................................17

2-1-8  توان راکتیو .........................................................................................................................................19

2-1-8-1   فرموله کردن مساله .......................................................................................................................19

2-1-8-2 تابع هدف .......................................................................................................................................20

2-1-8-3 محدودیت‌های سیستم ....................................................................................................................20

2-1-8-4 طرح کنترل توان راکتیو ...................................................................................................................22

2-1-9 بهبود عملکرد دینامیکی STATCOM با استفاده از اینورتر سه سطحی  .............................................23

2-1-9-1  اینورتر سه سطحی دیود کلمپ .....................................................................................................23

2-1-9-2  مدولاسیون پهنای پالس سینوسی   ................................................................................................23

2-1-9-3 مدار کنترلی .....................................................................................................................................24

2-1-10 تئوری  PLL .....................................................................................................................................25

2-1-10-1 روش حلقه قفل شده در فاز  ........................................................................................................26

2-1-10-2 مقایسه مدل‌های PLL ...................................................................................................................27

2-1-10-2 بررسی حلقه قفل شده فاز (PLL) برای بار نامتعادل   .................................................................29

2-1-10-3 معرفی حلقه قفل فاز برای کمیت های سه فاز...............................................................................29

2-1-10-4  پاسخ PLL سه‌فاز تحت شرایط نامتعادلی ولتاژ  ..........................................................................33

2-1-10-5 روش حذف تأثیر عدم تعادل ........................................................................................................35

2-2 نحوه استفاده حلقه قفل فاز (PLL) در جبرانساز استاتیکی ......................................................................38

2-2-1 بررسی حلقه قفل فاز برای STATCOM  به‌منظور افزایش پایداری سیستم قدرت.............................38

2-2-1-1 روش های کنترل STATCOM  .................................................................‌...................‌................38 

2-2-1-2 مبدل 24 پالسه و اساس کنترل STATCOM  ..............................................................................39

2-2-1-3 عملکرد دینامیکی STATCOM .....................................................................................................41

2-2-1-4 تاثیر استحکام سیستم قدرت بر پایداری STATCOM ............................................................................42

2-2-1-5 تاثیر PLL بر عملکرد STATCOM  ..............................................................................................43

2-2-2  قاعدهPLL  ارائه شده  ........................................................................................................................45

2-2-2-1 مشکلات متداول SRF-PLL ..........................................................................................................45

2-2-2-3 جدا کردن مؤلفه‌های نامتعادل شده  ................................................................................................46

2-2-2-4  الگوریتم فیلتر جابجایی متوسط .....................................................................................................47

2-2-2-5 شماتیک DSRF-PLL ارائه شده  ...................................................................................................49

2-2-2-7 کنترل STSTCOM با PLL  ...........................................................................................................49

فصل سوم: بیان مساله

3-1 کنترل STATCOM ................................................................................................................................52

3-1-1 کنترل­کننده داخلی ................................................................................................................................52

3-1-2 کنترل کننده خارجی ............................................................................................................................53

3-2 مدل متوسط STATCOM .......................................................................................................................54

3-3 مدل فازوری و DQ استاتکام ...................................................................................................................58

3-4 حلقه قفل فاز (PLL) ...............................................................................................................................60

فصل چهارم: نتایج شبیه‌سازی............................................................................................................................62

4-1 کنترل توان راکتیو براساس مدل ریاضی اینورتر در حوزه DQ .................................................................62

4-2 ساختار کنترلی در محیط نرم افزار MATLAB براساس مدلهای موجود در این نرم افزار و بر پایه مدل فازوری .............................................................................................................................................................69

فصل پنجم :نتیجه‌گیری و پیشنهادات.................................................................................................................74

نتیجه گیری و پیشنهادات ..................................................................................................................................74

منابع ..........................................

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