پایان نامه بهبود کارایی مسیریابی روتر ها با استفاده از روش فازی

فهرست:

فصل اول

آشنایی با مسیریابی  در شبکه

1-1-مقدمه................................................................................................8

1-2بررسی ساختار روتر ها و سوئیچ ها.............................................................................................9

1-2-1-روتر (مسیریاب)..................................................................................................................9

1-2-1-1- روترهای سخت افزاری....................................................................................................10

1-2-1-2- روترهای نرم افزاری ......................................................................................................10

1-2-1-3- مهمترین ویژگی یک روتر ...............................................................................................11

1-2-1-4- نحوه عملکرد یک روتر در اینترنت ....................................................................................11

1-2-1-5- عناصر داخلی روتر ........................................................................................................11

1-2-1-5-1 پرازنده cpu ..............................................................................................................12

1-2-1-5-2- حافظه اصلی RAM ....................................................................................................12

1-2-1-5-3- حافظه فلش ..............................................................................................................12

1-2-1-5-4-حافظه NVRAM.........................................................................................................12

1-2-1-5-5 گذرگاهها Buses  ...................................................................................................... 13

1-2-1-5-6 حافظه RAM .............................................................................................................13

1-2-1-5-7 اینترفیس ها ...............................................................................................................13

1-2-1-5-8 منبع تغذیه .................................................................................................................14

1-3 سوییج (Switch) .................................................................................................................14

1-5-1  نحوه ارسال پیام ...............................................................................................................16

1-5-2 Broadcast  ...................................................................................................................18

1-6 آگاهی از مقصد یک پیام .........................................................................................................18

1-7- پروتکل ها .........................................................................................................................19

1-8- ردیابی یک پیام ..................................................................................................................20

1-9- ستون فقرات اینترنت ..........................................................................................................21

1-10- مبانی شبکه ...................................................................................................................21

1-10-1 شبکه .........................................................................................................................21

1-10-2- گره ...........................................................................................................................22

1-10-3- توپولوژی ..................................................................................................................22

1-10-3-1- توپولوژی Bus .......................................................................................................22

1-10-3-2- توپولوژی Star .......................................................................................................23

1-10-3-3- توپولوژی Mesh ....................................................................................................23

1-10-3-4- توپولوژی Ring  .....................................................................................................23

1-10-3-5- توپولوژی Wireless ...............................................................................................24

1-11- اصطلاحات تخصصی شبکه ................................................................................................24

1-11-1- Scalability  .............................................................................................................24

1-11-2- Latency  .................................................................................................................24

1-11-3- Network faiure.....................................................................................................25

1-11-4- Colisions ...............................................................................................................25

1-4- منطق فازی ......................................................................................................................26

1-4-1- منطق فازی و کاربردهای آن .............................................................................................27

1-4-2- سیستم فازی .................................................................................................................27

1-4-2-1 کاربردهای سیستم فازی ................................................................................................27

فصل 2 – الگوریتمهای مسیریابی

2-1- طراحی الگوریتم ..........................................................................................................................................28

2-1-1- الگوریتم های Distance Vector .........................................................................................................28

2-1-2-الگوریتم های Link State (LS) ..............................................................................................................30

2-1-3- مسیریابی سلسله مراتبی .......................................................................................................................32

2-2- الگوریتم های مسیریابی ............................................................................................................................33

2-2-1- انواع الگوریتمهای مسیریابی ................................................................................................................33

2-3- شبکه های خود مختارAS .........................................................................................................................34

2-4- اینترنت ......................................................................................................................................................35

2-4-1- مسیریابی درونی ...................................................................................................................................36

2-4-2- مسیریابی بیرونی ..................................................................................................................................36

2-5- مبانی پروتکل BGP ...................................................................................................................................37

2-5-1- شبکه Stub ...........................................................................................................................................38

2-5-2-شبکه های Multihome ......................................................................................................................39

2-5-3- شبکه های ترانزیت ...............................................................................................................................39

2-5-4-IBGP ......................................................................................................................................................40

2-5-5- EBGP ....................................................................................................................................................40

2-5-6- ارتباط پیکربندی EBGP .......................................................................................................................41

2-6- پیام های پروتکل BGP ..............................................................................................................................41

2-6-1- پیام open .............................................................................................................................................42

2-6-2- پیام KeepAlive ...................................................................................................................................42

2-6-3- پیام Notification  ..............................................................................................................................42

2-6-4- Update  ...............................................................................................................................................42

2-7- مسیر صفت های BGP(BGP Path Atrribute) .....................................................................................44

2-7-1-AS-Path  ...............................................................................................................................................45

2-7-2- Origion  ................................................................................................................................................45

2-7-3- Local Preference ..............................................................................................................................46

2-7-4 MEP- Multi Exit Disriminator .........................................................................................................46

2-8- انتخاب بهترین مسیر در پروتکل BGP .......................................................................................................47

فصل سوم

بررسی و مقایسه پروتکل های مختلف مسیریابی

3-1- پروتکل RIP .................................................................................................................................................48

3-2- پروتکل های روتینگ ترکیبی ویا EIGRP .................................................................................................49

3-3- پروتکل Ospf ..............................................................................................................................................50

3-4-مقایسه پروتکل های مختلف در ارسال پیام ...............................................................................................51

3-4-1- پیاده سازی پروتکل های Rip , Eigrp,ospf  ......................................................................................51

3-4-2-همسایه یابی در Ospf ............................................................................................................................54

3-4-3 بررسی عملکرد Ospf ..............................................................................................................................55

3-4-4- تایمرهای Ospf ......................................................................................................................................55

فصل چهارم

ارائه مدل پیشنهادی فازی

4-1- مسیریابی مبتنی بر کیفیت سرویس (QOS) .................................................................................................56

4-1-1- هدف از مسیریابی بر پایه کیفیت سرویس (QOS) ...................................................................................56

4-2- معایب پروتکل های فعلی مسیریابی نظیر BGP,RIP,OSPF ........................................................................57

4-3- سیستم فازی ....................................................................................................................................................58

4-3-1- الگوریتم فازی .............................................................................................................................................59

4-4- الگوریتم فازی پیشنهادی................................................................................................................................60

4-4-1- پهنای باند آزاد (free bandwidth).........................................................................................................61

4-4-2- نمودار قوانین الگوریتمم فازی پیشنهادی .................................................................................................62

4-4-3- شبیه سازی و عملکرد ................................................................................................................................64

5- نتیجه گیری  .........................................................................................................................................................67

    منابع و مآخذ ..........................................................................................................................................................68

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