پایان نامه بررسی عددی کاهش پاسخ لرزه ای مخازن ذخیره مایع در اثر به کارگیری جداساز های لرزه ای

فهرست:

فصل اول : تاریخچه تحلیل دینامیکی مخازن ذخیره مایع و دستورات آیین‌نامه‌ای در این خصوص

چکیده ...........................................................................................................................................................................2

1-1- خسارات وارد شده به مخازن ذخیره مایع تحت بارهای لرزه‌ای.................................................................3

1-1-1-خرابی­های حاصل از اثرات  نیروهای هیدرودینامیک........................................................................................................4

1-1-1-1-کمانش لوزی شکل.......................................................................................................................................................4

1-1-1-2- کمانش پافیلی...............................................................................................................................................................5

1-1-2- خرابی­های حاصل از حرکت امواج مایع در محل سطح آزاد سیال...................................................................................6

1-1-3- سایر خرابی­ها.................................................................................................................................................................11

1-1-4- رفتار مخازن در زلزله‌های گذشته...................................................................................................................................12

1-1-4-1- در زلزله  الاسکا ........................................................................................................................................................12

1-1-4-2- زلزله کوبه ژاپن..................................................................... ....................................................................................13

1-1-4-3- زلزله کواکولی ترکیه...................................................................................................................................................14

1-2- دستورات آیین‌نامه‌ها در رابطه با تحلیل دینامیکی مخازن........................................................................16

1-2-1- مروری بر پیشینه تحلیل دینامیکی مخازن مایعات..........................................................................................................16

1-2-2- روشهای تحلیل لرزه­ای مخازن از دیدگاه  آیین­نامه­های معتبر .......................................................................................20

1-2-2-1- مدلهای مکانیکی جرم و فنر برای ساده­سازی رفتار دینامیکی مایع.............................................................................21

1-2-2-2- پریود طبیعی مد نوسانی مایع.....................................................................................................................................24

1-2-2-3- توزیع فشار هیدرودینامیک ناشی از اعمال بارهای لرزه­ای جانبی..............................................................................26

1-2-2-4- پاسخ مخزن به مولفه قائم حرکت زمین.....................................................................................................................28

1-2-2-5- نحوه برآورد ارتفاع امواج سطحی..............................................................................................................................35

1-2-2-6- اندرکنش خاک و سازه...............................................................................................................................................37

‌1-4- جمع‌بندی و نتیجه‌گیری..........................................................................................................................38

فصل دوم: جداسازی لرزه‌ای سازه‌ها و کاربرد آن در مخازن ذخیره مایع

چکیده.............................................................................................................................................................41

2-1- فلسفه بکارگیری جداسازهای لرزه‌ای و انواع آنها...................................................................................42

2-2- مروری بر مطالعات پیشین بر روی مخازن ذخیره مجهز به جداسازهای لرزه‌ای........................................44

2-3- پروژه‌های ساخته شده مخازن مجهز به سیستم جداسازی لرزه‌ای در کشورهای مختلف..........................50

2-4- جمع‌بندی...............................................................................................................................................54

فصل سوم : بررسی عددی رفتار دینامیکی مخازن مجهز به سیستم جداساز لرزه‌ای با استفاده از روش اجزای محدود

چکیده.............................................................................................................................................................57

3-1-مقدمه......................................................................................................................................................58

3-2- معرفی مدل اجزای محدود مورد استفاده در تحلیل عددی......................................................................58

3-3- صحت‌سنجی نتایج مدل عددی .............................................................................................................60

3-3-1- صحت سنجی تحت بارهای هارمونیک ........................................................................................................................60

3-3-2- صحت‌سنجی تحت بارهای لرزه‌ای................................................................................................................................62

3-4- معرفی سیستم جداساز استفاده شده در مدل عددی.................................................................................65

3-5- آنالیزهای عددی انجام شده بر روی مخازن با ابعاد واقعی......................................................................67

3-5-1- ابعاد مخازن واقعی انتخاب شده جهت انجام مطالعات پارامتریک..................................................................................67

3-5-2-بارهای لرزه‌ای اعمال شده به مخازن...............................................................................................................................67

3-6-تحلیل نتایج حاصل از انجام آنالیزهای عددی..........................................................................................70

3-6-1- نتایج عددی حاصل برای پارامترهای طراحی...................................................................................................................70

3-6-2- نتایج عددی حاصل برای ماکزیمم ارتفاع آزاد مایع........................................................................................................79

3-7- جمع‌بندی و نتیجه‌گیری..........................................................................................................................86

فصل چهارم : ارزیابی عملکرد مدلهای ساده شده در برآورد پاسخ لرزه ای مخازن جداسازی شده

4-1- مقدمه.....................................................................................................................................................90

4-2- معرفی مدل مکانیکی جرم- فنراستفاده شده............................................................................................91

4-3- نتایج حاصل از تحلیل عددی مدل جرم و فنر مخازن جداسازی شده......................................................93

4-3- 1- مقایسه نتایج جرمهای معادل سیال................................................................................................................................94

4-3- 2- مقایسه نتایج مدل اجزای محدود و مدل جرم و فنر برای مخازن جداسازی شده .......................................................96

4-3- 3- بررسی دقت روش جمع مجذور مربعات......................................................................................................................99

4-3- 4- محاسبه ارتفاع امواج سطحی مایع برای نمونه‌های مورد بررسی.................................................................................100

فصل پنجم : نتیجه گیری

نتیجه گیری....................................................................................................................................................104

فهرست منابع و ماخذ

منابع..............................................................................................................................................................107

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[2] VeletsosA.S., (1984) "Seismic response and design of liquid storage tanks", Guidelines for Seismic design of oil & gas pipelines system, ASCE, NY:255-370.

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