پایان نامه بررسی اثر نانو ذرات خاک‌ رس بر خواص پلی اتیلن اتصال عرضی شده

فهرست:

صفحه

چکیده.....................................................................................................................................................1

1     فصل اول مقدمه................................ 2

1- 1     تاریخچه ساخت کابل در جهان. 3

1-2       ویژگی‌های الکتریکی و خواص فیزیکی و شیمیایی مواد عایق.. 3

1-2-1       رفتار مکانیکی ماده عایق.. 4

1-2-2       رفتارهای گرمایی ماده‌ی عایق.. 4

1-2-3       رفتار شیمیایی.. 4

1-2-4       خصوصیات الکتریکی.. 5

1-2-5       عوامل اقتصادی. 5

1-3    کابل‌ بر پایه‌ی پلی‌اتیلن اتصال‌عرضی شده. ...................................................................................5

1-4       کامپوزیت‌های پلیمری. 6

1- 5     نانو کامپوزیت‌های پلیمری. 7

2      فصل دوم  مروری بر مطالعات انجام‌ شده. 8

2-1       پلی‌اتیلن. 8

2-1-1       معرفی پلی‌اتیلن. 8

2-1-2    تاریخچه تولید پلی‌اتیلن. 9

2-1-3    انواع پلی‌اتیلن. 9

2-2      ایجاد اتصالات ‌عرضی در پلی‌اتیلن. 10

2-2-1       روش‌های  ایجاد اتصالات ‌عرضی در  پلی‌اتیلن. 11

2-2-2    اثر ساختار مولکولی پلی‌اتیلن بر ایجاد اتصالات عرضی به روش پراکسیدی 16

2-2-3    بررسی خواص پلی‌اتیلن اتصال‌عرضی شده. 18

2-3       آنتی اکسیدانت ها 19

2-4       نانو کامپوزیت­ها ی پلیمری. 22

2-4-1       تعاریف اولیه. 22

2-4-2       نانو رس‌ها 23

2-4-3اصلاح نانو رس... 25

2-4-4       انواع نانو کامپوزیت‌های پلیمر- نانو رس... 27

2-4-5       روش تهیه نانو کامپوزیت‌های پلیمر-نانورس... 29

2-4-6       بررسی مورفولوژی و برخی خواص نانو کامپوزیت پلی‌اتیلن- نانو خاک رس... 32

2-5       عایق‌های الکتریکی پلیمری. 35

2-5-1       ثابت دی الکتریک... 36

2-5-2       تانژانت زاویه اتلاف دی الکتریک... 38

2-5-3       استحکام دی الکتریک... 40

2-5-4       بررسی خواص الکتریکی نانو کامپوزیت‌ها 41

اهداف پروژه..........................................................................................................................................43

3      فصل سوم مواد و روش‌ها... 44

3-1       مواد اولیه. 44

3-2       تجهیزات.. 47

3-2-1       اکسترودر دو مارپیچه. 47

3-2-2       دستگاه قالب‌گیری فشاری. 47

3-3       آزمون‌های انجام‌شده. 48

3-3-1       اندازه‌گیری محتوای ژل. 48

3-3-2       آزمون تفرق زاویه پایین اشعه ایکس... 48

3-3-3       میکروسکوپ الکترونی عبوری. 49

3-3-4       آزمون رئولوژی. 49

3-3-5       تجزیه دینامیکی - مکانیکی - گرمایی)  DMTA ( 50

3-3-6       آزمون گرماسنجی پویشی تفاضلی(DSC) 50

3-3-7       آزمون گرما وزن سنجی ) ( TGA.. 50

3-3-8       آزمون کشش... 50

3-3-9       آزمون‌های الکتریکی.. 51

3-4       نحوه‌ی تهیه‌ی نمونه‌ها 52

4       فصل چهارم  نتایج و بحث.. 54

4-1       آزمون تعیین درصد ژل. 54

4-2       آزمون رئولوژی. 57

4-3       آزمون SAXS. 61

4-4       آزمون میکروسکوپ الکترونی عبوری(TEM ) 63

4-5       آنالیز دینامیک مکانیکی(DMTA) 65

4-6       آزمون آنالیز حرارتی(DSC) 70

4-7       آزمون گرما وزن سنجی (TGA ) 73

4-8       آزمون کشش... 75

4-9       خواص الکتریکی.. 76

5   فصل پنجم نتایج و پیشنهاد‌ات.. 80

5-1       نتیجه‌گیری. 80

5-2       پیشنهاد‌ات جهت ادامه‌ی کار 82

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