پایان نامه بررسی پیرولیز حرارتی و کاتالیستی پلی الفین ها و رابر ها

فهرست:

چکیده………………………………………………………………………………………………1

فصل اول          2

1-1      مقدمه                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2

1-2      آمارپسماند. 3

1-3      روش­های حذف پسماند. 3

1-3-1       روش دفن زباله. 3

1-3-2       روش سوزاندن پسماند. 4

1-3-3       تبدیل پسماند به کمپوست.. 4

1-3-4       بازیافت   4

1-3-5       پیرولیز. 5

فصل دوم :مروری بر مطالعات انجام شده. 6

2-1      طبقه بندی پلیمرها 6

2-1-1       الاستومرها 6

2-1-2       پلاستیک­ها 10

2-1-3       شکست پلی اتیلن. 13

2-2      انواع تخریب   13

2-3      پیرولیز پلاستیک­ها و رابرها 14

2-4      محصولات حاصل از پیرولیز پلی بوتادین رابر و استایرن بوتادین رابر. 15

یک

2-4-1    محصولات جانبی پیرولیز. 15

2-5      آزمون­های مورد استفاده در پیرولیز. 16

2-5-1       گرماوزن سنجی حاصل از پیرولیز تایرهای ضایعاتی با سرعت حرارت دهی بالا. 16

2-5-1       بررسی نمودارهای گرما وزن سنجی.. 17

2-6      کاتالیست­های مورد استفاده در پیرولیز. 21

2-6-1       کاتالیست غربال مولکولی.. 21

2-6-2       مقدار کاتالیست.. 23

2-7      سرعت همزن. 27

2-8      پارامترهای فرآیندی مؤثر بر پدیده پیرولیز پلی الفین ها 28

2-8-1       تأثیر دما برروی فرآیند پیرولیز. 28

2-8-2       تأثیر کاتالیست برروی فرآیند پیرولیز. 32

2-8-3       تأثیر گازهای حامل بر فرآیند پیرولیز. 36

2-8-4       تأثیر سرعت همزن بر روی فرآیند پیرولیز. 38

2-9      چند مثال مختلف از پیرولیز. 40

فصل سوم: مواد و روش­ها 42

3-1      روش­های آزمون. 42

3-1-1       روش انجام آزمون پیرولیز. 42

3-1-2       روش انجام آزمون با استفاده از دستگاه گرماوزن سنجی 43

3-1-3       دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی. 44

3-2      مواد آزمون. 44

3-2-1       استایرن بوتادین رابر. 44

3-2-2       پلی بوتادین رابر. 45

3-2-3       پلی پروپیلن. 46

دو

3-2-4       کاتالیست  FCC.. 46

3-2-5       کاتالیست H-Mordenite. 47

3-2-6       کاتالیست  HZSM-5. 47

3-2-7       پلی اتیلن سنگین. 48

فصل چهارم: تحلیل نتایج و بحث ……….. 49

4-1      مقدمه                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    49

4-2      پیرولیز پلی اتیلن سنگین. 49

4-2-1       پیرولیز حرارتی  پلی اتیلن سنگین. 50

4-2-2       پیرولیز کاتالیستی پلی اتیلن سنگین. 50

4-3      پیرولیز پلی پروپیلن. 55

4-3-1       پیرولیز حرارتی پلی پروپیلن. 55

4-3-2       پیرولیز کاتالیستی پلی پروپیلن. 56

4-4      پیرولیز پلی بوتادین رابر. 60

4-4-1       پیرولیز حرارتی پلی بوتادین رابر. 60

4-4-2       پیرولیز کاتالیستی پلی بوتادین رابر. 60

4-4-3       تأثیر درصدکاتالیست FCC بر پیرولیز پلی بوتادین رابر. 66

4-4-4       بررسی روند تغییرات دما طی فرآیند پیرولیز پلی بوتادین رابر. 69

4-5      پیرولیز استایرن بوتادین رابر. 71

4-5-1       پیرولیز حرارتی استایرن بوتادین رابر. 71

4-5-2       پیرولیز کاتالیستی استایرن بوتادین رابر. 72

4-5-3       بررسی تأثیر درصد کاتالیست FCC بر پیرولیز استایرن بوتادین رابر. 76

4-5-4       بررسی روند تغییرات دما طی فرآیند پیرولیز استایرن بوتادین رابر. 77

سه

4-6      بررسی تأثیر کاتالیست­های FCC ، HZSM-5 و H-Mordeniteبر روی پیرولیز لاستیک­ها و پلاستیک­ها          ............................... 79

4-7    نتایج آزمون گرما وزن سنجی.. 84

4-7-1       بررسی تخریب پلی بوتادین رابر با استفاده از گرما وزن سنجی.. 84

4-7-2       بررسی تخریب استایرن بوتادین رابر با استفاده از گرما وزن سنجی.. 90

فصل 5 : نتیجه گیری و پیشنهادات........................................................................................................................................ ...................................................................................................... 93

5-1      نتایج      93

5-2      پیشنهادات.. 96

ضمائم      97

مراجع    121

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