پایان نامه اثر دیابت بر فعالیت کاسپاز-3 در بافت بیضه موش های دیابتی شده با استرپتوزوتوسین

فهرست:

                                                                                       صفحه

چکیده: 8

فصل اول : مقدمه

1-1- دیابت... 11

1-1-1- دسته‌بندی و سبب‌شناسی دیابت.. 12

2-1-1- دیابت نوع یک... 13

3-1-1-دیابت نوع دو. 15

4-1-1- دیابت بارداری. 17

5-1-1-انواع دیگر دیابت.. 19

6-1-1- دیابت در اثر داروها یا مواد شیمیایی.. 22

7-1-1- انواع نادر 23

8-1-1- علائم و نشانه‌ها 23

9-1-1- عوارض حاد. 24

10-1-1- عوارض مزمن. 26

11-1-1- ریسک ‌فاکتورها و غربالگری. 30

12-1-1- اختلالات پیش‌دیابتی.. 31

2-1- آپوپتوز، مرگ برنامه ریزی شده سلول.. 33

1-2-1- آپوپتوز و نکروز: 34

2-2-1 مسیرهای آپوپتوزی. 34

3-2-1-کاسپازها 39

4-2-1- سوبستراهای کاسپاز 41

فصل دوم : مروری بر تحقیقات انجام شده

1-2- تاریخچه.. 43

فصل سوم : مواد و روش­ها

1-3- مواد مورد نیاز. 46

2-3- لوازم. 46

4-3- مدل بیولوژیک.... 48

5-3- داروهای مورد استفاده. 48

6-3- القای دیابت... 48

7-3- سنجش قند خون.. 49

8-3- بررسی­های مورفومتریک... 49

9-3- شمارش اسپرم و بررسی تحرک آن.. 51

10-3- فیکساسیون به روش پرفیوژن.. 52

11-3- ایمونوهیستوشیمی.. 53

12-3- روش اندازه­گیری Casp-3   55

13-3-روش تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها. 55

فصل چهارم : نتایج

1-4- ارزیابی وزن بیضه.. 57

2-4- ارزیابی حجم بیضه.. 58

3-4- نتایج شمارش و بررسی تعداد اسپرم. 59

4-4- نتایج شمارش و بررسی تحرک اسپرم. 60

5-4- ارزیابی pH مایع سمینال.. 61

6-4- نتایج اندازه­گیری وزن بدن در طی چند هفته.. 62

7-4- نتایج اندازه­گیری قند خون در طی چند هفته.. 63

8-4- مقایسه­ی بیان کاسپاز-3 در بافت بیضه­ی موش کنترل و موش دیابتی.. 64

9-4- نمودار مقایسه­ی بیان کاسپاز-3 در بافت بیضه­ی موش گروه کنترل وگروه دیابتی.. 66

فصل پنجم : نتیجه­گیری و بحث

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