فهرست:
چکیده.................................................................................................................................................................................1
مقدمه..................................................................................................................................................................................2
هدف..................................................................................................................................................................................3
فصل اول: معرفی شبکه ی حسگر بی سیم................................................................................................................4
1-1) انواع شبکه های بی سیم...........................................................................................................................................4
1-2) شبکه های حسگر بی سیم........................................................................................................................................6
1-3) انواع شبکه های حسگر بی سیم بر اساس استقرار....................................................................................................6
1-4) کاربردهای شبکه حسگر بی سیم..............................................................................................................................7
1-5) مزایای شبکه های حسگر بی سیم............................................................................................................................8
1-6) معایب شبکه های حسگر بی سیم............................................................................................................................8
1-7) ساختمان گره های شبکه..........................................................................................................................................8
1-8) اهداف کلی طراحی شبکه.........................................................................................................................................9
1-9) خصوصیات مهم شبکه های حسگر بی سیم...........................................................................................................10
1-10) نتیجه گیری فصل اول...........................................................................................................................................11
فصل دوم: مسئله ی پوشش در شبکه های حسگر بی سیم......................................................................................12
2-1) پوشش چیست؟......................................................................................................................................................12
2-2) تقسیم بندی اول انواع پوشش.................................................................................................................................12
2-3) تقسیم بندی دوم انواع پوشش.................................................................................................................................14
2-4) شبکه ی متصل........................................................................................................................................................18
2-4-1) شعاع های حسی و مخابراتی گره های حسگر...................................................................................................18
2-5) نحوه ی پوشش شبکه ی حسگر بی سیم ویدئویی و تفاوت آن با شبکه های حسگر سنتی..................................23
2-6) نتیجه گیری فصل دوم............................................................................................................................................25
فصل سوم: مفاهیم مربوط به انرژی و حرکت در مبحث پوشش شبکه حسگر بی سیم.............................................26
3-1) بررسی انرژی در پوشش شبکه های حسگر بی سیم..............................................................................................26
3-1-1) استراتژی بر پایه ی قدرت برای تعامل بین انرژی و پوشش..............................................................................29
3-1-2) استراتژی بر پایه ی شبکه توری برای تعامل بین انرژی و پوشش......................................................................29
3-1-3) استراتژی بر پایه ی رویکرد مبتنی بر هندسه ی محاسباتی برای تعامل بین انرژی و پوشش.............................30
3-2) بررسی کیفیت خدمات (QoS) در زمینه پوشش....................................................................................................33
3-3) پوشش K تایی ( K-پوشش).................................................................................................................................34
3-4) الگوریتم Wake up برای به دست آوردن حداقل گره های حسگر که منطقه مورد نظر را پوشش می دهند........36
3-5) تحرک حسگرها به منظور بهبود پوشش................................................................................................................37
3-5-1) حسگر موبایل...................................................................................................................................................37
3-5-2) شبکه بین خودرویی (وسایل نقلیه) اقتضایی...................................................................................................38
3-6) استقرار تصادفی حسگرها در مقابل الگوریتم استقرار بهینه حسگرها....................................................................40
3-7) انواع مدلهای حرکت............................................................................................................................................44
3-7-1) مدل سازی حرکت با محدودیت جغرافیایی......................................................................................................45
3-7-1-1) مدل حرکت جاده ای....................................................................................................................................45
3-7-1-2) مدل حرکت مانعی........................................................................................................................................47
3-7-2) مدل حرکتکوچک و مدلحرکت بزرگ...........................................................................................................48
3-8) نتیجه گیری فصل سوم...........................................................................................................................................49
فصل چهارم: پوشش دینامیکی...............................................................................................................................50
4-1) پوشش Sweep......................................................................................................................................................50
4-2) MOBEYES.........................................................................................................................................................53
4-2-1) بررسی اجمالی معماری MOBEYES..............................................................................................................55
4-2-2) واسط حسگر MOBEYES (MSI)..................................................................................................................56
4-2-3) استاندارد واسط با حسگرهای صوتی / تصویری................................................................................................56
4-2-4) واسط استاندارد با حسگر دما..............................................................................................................................57
4-2-5) واسط استاندارد با تعیین موقعیت سیستم............................................................................................................57
4-2-6) انتشار / برداشت پردازنده MOBEYES (MDHP)..........................................................................................57
4-2-7) MOBEYES؛ دستورالعمل ها و معماری..........................................................................................................58
4-2-8) Bloom Filter و کاربرد آن...............................................................................................................................58
4-2-9) عملکرد MOBEYES.......................................................................................................................................58
4-2-10) ارزیابی عملکرد MOBEYES........................................................................................................................59
4-3) پوشش واحدهای کنار جاده.....................................................................................................................................61
4-3-1) کارهای مرتبط.....................................................................................................................................................62
4-3-2) الگوریتم حمل و نقل و مدل شبیه سازی............................................................................................................62
4-3-3) قانون حمل و نقل مثلث.....................................................................................................................................62
4-4) ایده ی اصلی برای مطالعه بر روی پوشش دینامیکی محیط زیست........................................................................64
4-4-1) پیشینه ی کار......................................................................................................................................................64
4-4-2) انگیزه ی استفاده از حسگرهای بی سیم خودرویی............................................................................................64
4-4-3) آزمایش و به کارگیری........................................................................................................................................66
4-5) توپولوژی خیابان.......................................................................................................................................................69
4-6) اندازه گیری های پوشش..........................................................................................................................................70
4-6-1) زمان تشخیص هدف............................................................................................................................................70
4-7) بررسی پوشش دینامیکی...........................................................................................................................................72
4-8) مدل سازی................................................................................................................................................................74
4-8-1) استراتژی کنترل دینامیکی پوشش بر اساس بهینه سازی دو گانه ی الگوریتم های ژنتیک و Taboo...................74
4-8-2) انتخاب پوشش مجموعه ای از گره......................................................................................................................75
4-9) نتیجه گیری فصل چهارم..........................................................................................................................................76
فصل پنجم:مدل سازی پوشش دینامیکی شبکه های حسگر خودرویی بر مبنای مدل آماری حرکت گوس مارکوف.77
5-1) مدل حرکت گوس مارکوف.....................................................................................................................................77
5-1-1) گام قبل از شروع حرکت.....................................................................................................................................78
5-1-2)گام اول حرکت.....................................................................................................................................................79
5-1-3) گام دوم حرکت....................................................................................................................................................81
5-1-4) گام سوم تا گام n ام............................................................................................................................................81
5-2) شبیه سازی مدل حرکت گوس مارکوف..................................................................................................................82
5-3) مقایسه محاسبات تئوری با مقادیر میانگین پنج شبیه سازی مدل حرکت گوس مارکوف........................................90
5-4) مدل سازی پوشش دینامیکی شبکه های حسگر خودرویی بر مبنای مدل حرکت گوس مارکوف...........................91
5-4-1) مدل سیستم و مدل های سنجش.........................................................................................................................91
5-4-1-1) مدل سنجش Boolean...................................................................................................................................92
5-4-1-2) مدل سنجش Shadow fading......................................................................................................................92
5-4-1-3) مدل سنجش Elfes.........................................................................................................................................93
5-4-2) پوشش شبکه.......................................................................................................................................................93
5-4-2-1) احتمال پوشش شبکه در مدل سنجش Boolean.........................................................................................93
5-4-2-2) احتمال پوشش شبکه در مدل سنجش Shadow fading............................................................................94
5-4-2-3) احتمال پوشش شبکه در مدل سنجش Elfes...............................................................................................94
5-4-3) پوشش دینامیکی با مدل سنجش Boolean......................................................................................................95
5-4-4) پوشش دینامیکی با مدل سنجش Shadow fading.........................................................................................96
5-4-5) پوشش دینامیکی با مدل سنجش Elfes............................................................................................................97
5-5) بررسی تغییر پارامترهای دو مدل سنجش Shadow fading و Elfes..................................................................98
5-6) نتیجه گیری فصل پنجم.........................................................................................................................................100
نتیجه گیری و پیشنهادات................................................................................................................................................101
فهرست منابع..................................................................................................................................................................102
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