پایان نامه بررسی روش‌ های استفاده از عناصر پر مصرف درافزایش عملکرد کیوی استان گیلان، مطالعه موردی آستانه اشرفیه

فهرست:

چکیده: 1

فصل اول: کلیات

1-1- اهمیت مصرف میوه‌ها وسبزی‌ها 3

1-2- اهمیت مصرف کودها 3

1-3- نقش عناصر غذایی.. 4

فصل دوم: مرور منابع

2-1- تاریخچه کشت و کار کیوی در ایران و جهان. 6

2-2- سطح زیر کشت و مقدار تولید کیوی در ایران و جهان. 6

2-3- گیاه‌شناسی کیوی.. 7

2-4- واریته‌های معروف کیوی.. 8

2-4-1- رقم هایوارد. 8

2-4- 2- رقم برنو. 8

2-4- 3- رقم آبوت.. 9

2-4-4- رقم مانتی.. 9

2-4-5- واریته آلیسون. 9

2-4-6- رقم گراسی.. 9

2-5- شرایط تولید کیوی.. 9

2-6- ارزش غذایی میوه. 10

2-7- مدیریت تغذیه در باغات کیوی.. 12

2-8-عناصر غذایی پر مصرف (ازت ، فسفر ، پتاس ) 13

2-8-1-  نیتروژن. 13

2-8-2-پتاسیم.. 13

2-8-3- فسفر. 13

2-9- روش های مصرف کودهای پر مصرف... 14

2-9-1- روش پخش سطحی.. 14

2-9-2- روش محلول پاشی.. 15

2-9-3- روش تزریق به تنه‌ی درختان. 15

2-9-4- روش چالکود. 15

2-9-4-1- چالکود و تأثیر در تسهیل جذب عناصر غذایی.. 15

2-10- کیفیت در زمان برداشت... 17

فصل سوم: مواد و روشها

3-1- مکان و زمان انجام آزمایش.... 19

3-2- اعمال تیمارها 19

3-3-کنترل و مبارزه با علفهای هرز 20

3-4- روش آبیاری.. 21

3-5- خصوصیات خاک... 21

3-6- برداشت میوه کیوی.. 21

3-7- ارزیابی صفتها 22

3-7-1- اندازه گیری وزن تر میوه. 22

3-7-2- اندازه گیری اسیدیته(pH)  میوه. 22

3-7-3-اندازه گیری سفتی میوه. 22

3-7-4-اندازه گیری قند میوه. 22

3-7-5-عصاره گیری از میوه. 23

3-7-6- اندازه گیری وزن خشک میوه. 23

3-7-7- اندازه گیری ازت میوه. 23

3-7-8- اندازه گیری پتاسیم میوه. 24

3-7-9-اندازهگیری فسفرمیوه. 24

3-8-تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌ها 25

فصل چهارم: نتیجه و بحث

4-1- اثر تیمارها بر رشد گیاه. 27

4-1-1- جدول تجزیه واریانس داده ها 27

4-1-2- اثر تیمارها بر زون تر میوه کیوی.. 28

4-1-3- اثر تیمار بر وزن خشک میوه کیوی.. 29

4-1-4- اثر تیمارها بر ماده خشک (درصد) میوه کیوی.. 30

4-1-5- اثر تیمارها بر قند میوه کیوی.. 31

4-1-6- اثر تیمارها بر سفتی میوه کیوی.. 32

4-1-7- اثر تیمارها بر اسیدیته میوه کیوی.. 33

4-1-8- اثر تیمارها بر غلظت نیتروژن میوه کیوی.. 34

4-1-9- اثر تیمارها بر فسفر میوه کیوی.. 35

4-1-10- اثر تیمارها بر غلظت پتاسیم میوه کیوی.. 36

نتیجه گیری کلی.. 37

پیشنهادات: 37

منابع.. 38

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