پایان نامه بررسی تاثیر ویبراسیون کل بدن با فرکانس و دامنه متفاوت بر مقاومت خمشی ، تراکم یون کلسیم و هیستومورفومتری استخوان فمور و تیبیا در رت اوراکتومی

فهرست:

فصل اول: طرح پژوهش

1-1- مقدمه................ 2

1-2- بیان مسئله......................................................................................................................................3

1-3- ضرورت تحقیق  7

1-4- اهداف تحقیق.. 9

1-4-1- هدف کلی.. 9

1-4-2- اهداف اختصاصی.. 9

1-5 - فرضیات تحقیق.. 10

1-6- قلمرو تحقیق.. 10

1-7- محدودیت های تحقیق.. 11

1-8- تعریف عملیاتی متغیر های تحقیق.. 11

1-8-1- متغیرمستقل.. 11

1-8-2- متغیرهای وابسته. 12

فصل دوم: کلیات پژوهشی

مقدمه  .............................................................................................................................................14

2-1- اساس ارتعاشات مکانیکی.. 14

2-2- ارتعاشات کل بدن. 16

2-3- نیروهای وارد بر استخوان. 18

2-4- مقاومت مکانیکی استخوان. 21

2-4-1- بازسازی استخوان. 21

2-4-2- سازوکار بروز پوکی استخوان. 21

2-4-3- پاسخ استخوان نسبت به بارگذاری. 23

2-4-4- مکانیسم انطباق مکانیکی  استخوان. 25

2-4-5- پاسخ عضله به بارگذاری. 30

2-4-6- تست مکانیکی استخوان. 31

2-5- ساختمان میکروسکوپی استخوان. 34

2-5-1- سلول های پوششی استخوان. 36

2-5-2-  ترکیب استخوان. 37

2-6- ساختمان ماکروسکوپی استخوان. 39

2-6-1- استخوان متراکم و اسفنجی.. 39

2-6-2- استخوان از لحاظ تکاملی.. 40

2-7- کلسیم........... 41

2-8- پیشینه تحقیق.. 42

2-8 - جمع بندی. ... 49

فصل سوم: تبیین پژوهش

مقدمه............................. 52

3-1- تهیه و نگهداری رت.. 52

3-1-1-  نمونه مورد مطالعه. 52

3-1-2 - قفس رت ها 53

3-1-3 - خوراک رت ها 53

3-1-4 -  سیستم روشنایی و تهویه. 54

3-1-5- رطوبت و دمای محیط... 54

3-2-1-  بیهوشی رت.. 54

3-2-2-  اجرای جراحی.. 55

3-3- تحریک مکانیکی.. 56

3-3-1 - دستگاه تحریک مکانیکی استخوان. 56

3-3-2-  روش اجرا 58

3-3-3-  نمونه برداری. 61

3-4- ارزیابی استخوان. 62

3-4-1-  ارزیابی خمشی استخوان. 62

3-4-2-  ارزیابی تراکم یون کلسیم.. 65

3-4-3-  ارزیابی هیستومورفومتری  استخوان. 67

3-5-  روش تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده ها 69

فصل چهارم: تجزیه و تحلیل پژوهش

مقدمه................................ 71

4-1- آمار توصیفی. 72

4-2- آمار استنباطی.. 73

4-3-  وزن بدن.......... 74

4-4- مقاومت خمشی.. 76

4-4-1 - استرس.... 76

4-4-2 -  سفتی... 79

4-5-3-  انرژی جذب شده. 84

4-5-4-  جابجایی... 88

4-5-5- جمع بندی.. 91

4-6- تراکم یون کلسیم.. 91

4-7- هیستومورفومتری استخوان متراکم و اسفنجی.. 93

4-7-1 - جمع بندی.. 96

فصل پنجم: استنباط و نتیجه‌گیری

مقدمه................................ 103

5-1- خلاصه تحقیق  103

5-2- بحث................... 104

5-3- نتیجه گیری..... 116

5-4- پیشنهاد های تحقیق.. 116

5-4-1- پیشنهاد کاربردی. 116

5-4-2- پیشنهاد پژوهشی.. 116

منابع........................ 118

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