فهرست:
عنوان..……………………………………… …………………………………………..صفحه
چکیده………………………………….………….........….…………..…….………….1
فصل اول: مقدمه
1-1بیواتانول چیست؟...............................................................................................3
1-2ضرورت استفاده از اتانول...................................................................................4
فصل دوم: کلیات
2-1مقدمه…………………....................................................... .........................7
2-2تئوری احتراق..................................................................................................7
2-2-1سوزاندن (احتراق مستقیم)....... ........................................................................7
2-2-2فساد باکتریایی...............................................................................................7
2-2-3تخمیر................................................................................................ 7….….
2-3روشهای هیدرولیز پسماندهای سلولزی..................................................................8..
2-4مواد اولیه مورد استفاده در تولید بیواتانول.........................................................8…...
2-4-1مواد اولیه قندی..............................................................................................8
2-4-2مواد اولیه نشاسته…………….…...................................................................9
2-4-3مواداولیه سلولزی (لیگنوسلولز)………..……....................................................9
2-4-3-1سلوز…...................................................................................................14
2-4-3-2 همی سلولز…………….……………...........................15……………..…
2-4-3-3 لگنین15……………..……………………………………………………
2-5 بیواتانول سوخت سبز……………………………...........................17….……….
2-6 تولید بیواتانول بوسیله تخمیر کربوهیدراتها19….………….………………………….
2-7هیدرولیز……………….………….................................................................20
2-7-1هیدرولیز اسیدی…………………………………..........................................21
2-7-2هیدرولیز اسید رقیق22…..………………………………….…………………..
2-7-2-1 محصولات جانبی هیدرولیز اسید رقیق…………………………......................25
2-7-2-1-1اسید های آلی………………………..……….........................................26
2-7-2-1-2ترکیبات فنولیک27…..…………………………………………………….
2-7-2-1-3 ترکیبات فورال........................................................................................ 27
2-7-3هیدرولیز اسید غلیظ……….............................................................................28
2-7-4 هیدرولیز آنزیمی…….…….……………….……………………………….30
2-8 پیش فرآوری فیزیکی.…….……...…………………………………………….31
2-8-1انفجاربخار....................................................................................................31
2-8-2 انفجار آمونیاک و دی اکسید کربن.......................................................................32
2-8-3 پیش فرآوری شیمیایی......................................................................................32
2-8-4 پیش عملیات بیولوژیکی...................................................................................34
2-9تخمیر………………..………………………………………………...….....34
2-10 بازیابی جامدات و محصول................................................................................35
فصل سوم:روش آزمایش
3-1 مواد و سایل مورد استفاده 37...................................................................................
2-3آزمایشات 37........................................................................................................
3-3 طراحی روش آزمایش 37........................................................................................
1-2-3اثر غلظت 40.....................................................................................................
2-2-3اثر دما 40.........................................................................................................
3-2-3اثر زمان 41…..................................................................................................
3-4 نتایج تست زایلوز (XYL)..................................................................................41
1-3-3اثر غلظت 41………...………………….........................................................
2-3-3اثر دما 42........................................................................................................
3-3-3اثر زمان 42......................................................................................................
3-4 نتایج تست فورفورال(FER)................................................................................43
1-4-3غلظت 43.……...…………………….............................................................
-2-4-3دما 43............................................................................................................
-3-4-3زمان 44.........................................................................................................
3-5 نتایج تست گلوکز(GLU)....................................................................................44
1-5-3غلظت 44.........................................................................................................
2-5-3دما 45.............................................................................................................
3-5-3زمان..........................................................................................................45.
فصل چهارم: نمودار و جداول
4-1مدل سازی فرآیند:..............................................................................................48
4-2بررسی انطباق نتایج حاصل از گلوکز استحصال شده در مدلهای پیشنهادی........................48
4-2-1 مدل اول......................................................................................................54
4-2-1-1بررسی صحت مدل......................................................................................54
فصل پنجم: نتیجه گیری
نتیجه گیری56……………………………………………………………………….
پیشنهادها...............................................................................................................57
مراجع....................................................................................................................58
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