پایان نامه اثر افزودن پودر تفاله خشک مرکبات بر عملکرد تولیدمثلی مرغ های مادر گوشتی مسن

فهرست:

فصل اول: مقدمه............................................................................................................... 2

1-1- اهداف پژوهش..................................................................................................................................... 6

فصل دوم: پیشینه پژوهش.............................................................................................. 8

2-1- شرایط نگهداری تفاله مرکبات.......................................................................................................... 8

2-2- ارزش غذایی تفاله مرکبات................................................................................................................ 9

2-3- اثرات خوراک­های دارای آنتی­اکسیدان.......................................................................................... 10

2-4- اثرات تفاله مرکبات........................................................................................................................... 11

فصل سوم: مواد و روش­ها.............................................................................................. 15

3-1- محل و زمان اجرای پژوهش.................................................................................................................. 15

3-2- آماده ­سازی سالن..................................................................................................................................................... 15

3-3- تهیه پودر تفاله خشک مرکبات........................................................................................................ 15

3-4- روش انجام پژوهش.................................................................................................................................. 16

3-5- تیمار­های آزمایشی............................................................................................................................ 16

3-6- تهیه جیره............................................................................................................................................ 17

3-7- مواد و وسایل لازم.................................................................................................................................... 19

3-8- تلقیح مصنوعی................................................................................................................................... 20

3-9- پارامترهای اندازه­گیری شده.............................................................................................................. 21

3-9-1- وزن کشی مرغ­ها.......................................................................................................................... 21

3-9-2-تولید تخ­مرغ.................................................................................................................................... 21

3-9-3-وزن تخم­مرغ....................................................................................................................................... 21

3-9-4- شاخص شکل تخم­مرغ............................................................................................................. 21

3-9-5- شاخص زرده.................................................................................................................................. 22

3-9-6-.باروری............................................................................................................................................... 22

3-9-7- ضخامت پوسته.............................................................................................................................. 22

3-9-8- ارتفاع زرده و سفیده و واحد هاو.......................................................................................... 23

3-9-9- تعیین pH سفیده .......................................................................................................................... 24

3-9-10- اندازه­گیری غلظت MDA................................................................................................................. 24

3-9-10-1- تهیه محلول­ها.................................................................................................................... 25

3-9-10-2- رسم منحنی استاندارد........................................................................................................... 26

3-9-10-3- اندازه­گیری غلظت MDA زرده تخم­مرغ.................................................................... 27

3-9-11- ارزیابی نفوذ اسپرم................................................................................................................. 28

3-10- آنالیز آماری................................................................................................................................... 30

فصل چهارم: نتایج.......................................................................................................... 32

4-1- وزن بدن............................................................................................................................................... 32

4-2- ویژگی­های کیفی تخم­مرغ.............................................................................................................. 33

4-2-1- تولید تخم­مرغ................................................................................................................................. 33

4-2-2- وزن تخم­مرغ............................................................................................................................... 33

4-2-3- ضخامت پوسته تخم­مرغ.......................................................................................................... 34

4-2-4- ارتفاع آلبومن.............................................................................................................................. 34

4-2-5- واحد هاو...................................................................................................................................... 35

4-2-6- ارتفاع زرده...................................................................................................................................... 35

4-2-7- قطر زرده......................................................................................................................................... 35

4-2-8- شاخص زرده.................................................................................................................................. 36

4-2-9- طول تخم­مرغ.................................................................................................................................... 36

4-2-10- عرض تخم-مرغ............................................................................................................................ 37

4-2-11- شاخص شکل تخم­مرغ.......................................................................................................... 37

4-2-12- pH زرده...................................................................................................................................... 37

4-2-13- pH آلبومن.................................................................................................................................. 38

4-3- شاخص پراکسیداسیون لیپیدهای زرده تخم­مرغ­ها..................................................................... 38

4-4- درصد باروری و نرخ نفوذ اسپرم به لایه فراویتلین................................................................... 38

فصل پنجم: بحث............................................................................................................. 49

پیشنهاد­ها............................................................................................................................................................ 55

منابع.................................................................................................................................. 56

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