فهرست:
فهرست جدول ها.........................................................................................................................................م
فهرست شکل ها........................................................................................................................................ ص
فهرست پیوست ها.......................................................................................................................................ر
چکیده فارسی...............................................................................................................................................1
چکیده انگلیسی........................................................................................................................................ 152
فصل اول: طرح تحقیق
1-1 : مقدمه..................................................................................................................................................4
1-2 : بیان مسئله...........................................................................................................................................5
1-3 : اهمیت و ضرورت..............................................................................................................................6
1-4 : اهداف پژوهش...................................................................................................................................9
1-4-1 : هدف کلی.............................................................................................................................9
1-4-2 : هدف جزئی..........................................................................................................................9
1-5 : فرضیه های تحقیق............................................................................................................................10
1-6: محدودیت های پژوهش.....................................................................................................................11
1-6-1 :محدودیت های قابل کنترل.....................................................................................................11
1-6-2 : محدودیت های غیر قابل کنترل..............................................................................................12
1-7 : تعریف واژه ها...................................................................................................................................12
فصل دوم مبانی نظری پیشینه تحقیق
2-1 : مقدمه................................................................................................................................................17
2-2 :مبانی نظری........................................................................................................................................18
2-2-1 : مبانی علمی درد......................................................................................................................18
2-2-2 : مکانیسم احساس درد.............................................................................................................18
2-2-3 : مکانیسم های درد در طناب نخاعی.......................................................................................19
2-2-4 : تئوری کنترل دریچه ای درد..................................................................................................20
2-2-5 : انواع درد...............................................................................................................................21
2-2-5-1 : درد حاد و مزمن..................................................................................................21
2-2-5-2 :دردهای نوروژنیک...............................................................................................22
2-2-6 : نوروپلاستیسیتی سلولهای عصبی و دردهای مزمن...............................................................23
2-2-7 : روشهای ارزیابی درددر بیماران با درد مزمن........................................................................23
2-2-7-1: روش های اندازه گیری تک بعدی درد................................................................25
2-2-7-2: روش های اندازه گیری چند بعدی درد...............................................................26
2-2-8 : کمردرد..................................................................................................................................26
2-2-9 : ارزیابی اولیه کمردرد.............................................................................................................27
2-2-10 : کمردردهای مکانیکی..........................................................................................................29
2-2-10-1 : کمردردهای کمری-دنبالچه ای.....................................................................29
2-2-10-2 : کمردردهای ناشی از اسپوندیلوز کمری و یا استئوآرتریت............................29
2-2-11 : کمردردهای شغلی..............................................................................................................29
2-2-11-1 : مدیریت کمردردهای شغلی............................................................................30
2-2-11-2 : مدیریت کمردردهای شغلی حاد.....................................................................31
2-2-11-2 : مدیریت کمردردهای شغلی مزمن..................................................................33
2-2-12 : درمان های اختصاصی و مدیریت درد................................................................................33
2-2-12-1 : روش های داروئی مدیریت درد...................................................................34
2-2-12-2 : روش های غیر داروئی مدیریت درد.............................................................34
2-2-13 : ورزش درمانی....................................................................................................................35
2-2-14 : دامنه حرکتی.......................................................................................................................37
2-2-15 : یوگا......................................................................................................................................40
2-2-15-1 : تاثیر تمرینات یوگابر کمردردهای مزمن.........................................................41
2-2-16 : ماساژ....................................................................................................................................42
2-2-16-1 : انواع ماساژ......................................................................................................42
2-2-16-2 : مکانیسم های احتمالی تاثیر ماساژ..................................................................43
2-2-16-3 : مکانیسم های بیومکانیکی ماساژ.....................................................................43
2-2-16-4 : تاثیر ماساژ بر دامنه حرکتی.............................................................................44
2-2-16-5 : مکانیسم های فیزیولوژیکی ماساژ..................................................................44
2-2-16-6مکانیسم های نوروژنیکی ماساژ........................................................................45
2-2-16-7 : تاثیر ماساژ بر کمردرد....................................................................................45
2-3 : پیشینه تحقیقات انجام شده.............................................................................................................. 46
2-4 : جمع بندی........................................................................................................................................56
فصل سوم
3-1 : مقدمه...............................................................................................................................................58
3-2 : جامعه و نمونه آماری.......................................................................................................................59
3-3 : شرایط خروج افراد داوطلب از تحقیق.............................................................................................59
3-4 : روش پژوهش و مراحل اجرای آن..................................................................................................59
3-5 : متغیرهای پژوهش............................................................................................................................60
3-5-1 : متغیرهای مستقل.................................................................................................................60
3-5-2 : متغیرهای وابسته.................................................................................................................60
3-6 : آزمون های عمومی انجام شده برروی داوطلبین..............................................................................62
3-6-1 : اندازه گیری قد...................................................................................................................62
3-6-2 : اندازه گیری وزن................................................................................................................63
3-6-3 : اندازه گیری شاخص توده بدن...........................................................................................63
3-6-4 : اندازه گیری دور یا محیط اندام ها.....................................................................................63
3-6-4-1 : اندازه گیری دور کمر......................................................................................63
3-6-4-2 : اندازه گیری دور لگن......................................................................................64
3-6-5 : اندازه گیری نسبت دور کمر به لگن...................................................................................65
3-6-5 : اندازه گیری فشار خون......................................................................................................65
3-7 : آزمون های تخصصی انجام گرفته برروی داوطلبین.........................................................................66
3-7-1 : آزمونهای انعطاف پذیری..............................................................................................................66
3-7-1-1 : گونیا متر.......................................................................................................................67
3-7-1-2 : فلکشن لگن با زانوی خم شده 90 درجه.....................................................................68
3-7-1-3 : فلکشن لگن با پای صاف.............................................................................................69
3-7-1-4 : اکستنشن لگن...............................................................................................................70
3-7-1-5 : فلکشن بالا تنه..............................................................................................................71
3-7-1-6 : اکستنشن بالا تنه............................................................................................................72
3-7-1-7 : فلکشن کمر...................................................................................................................73
3-7-1-8 : اکستنشن کمر................................................................................................................74
3-7-1-9 : دامنه حرکتی جانبی.......................................................................................................75
3-7-2 : آزمون سنجش استقامت عضلانی......................................................................................76
3-7-3 : آزمون قدرت عضلات میانی بدن......................................................................................77
3-7-3-1 : وضعیت اصلی پلانک....................................................................................77
3-7-3-2 : وضعیت تغییر شکل یافته پلانک...................................................................77
3-8 : آزمون های پرسش نامه ای..............................................................................................................80
3-8-1 : پرسش نامه فعالیت بدنی بک.............................................................................................80
3-8-2 : پرسش نامه درد مک گیل..................................................................................................80
3-9 : برنامه های تمرینی ماساژ................................................................................................................81
3-10 : برنامه های تمرینی یوگا.................................................................................................................82
3-11 : روش های آماری..........................................................................................................................86
فصل چهارم
4-1 : مقدمه................................................................................................................................................88
4-2 : ویژگی داوطلبین...............................................................................................................................89
4-3 : آزمون فرضیه های پژوهش..............................................................................................................92
فصل پنجم
5-1 : مقدمه.............................................................................................................................................123
5-2 : خلاصه پژوهش..............................................................................................................................123
5-3 : بحث و بررسی...............................................................................................................................124
5-4 : نتیجه گیری....................................................................................................................................132
5-5 : پیشنهادها........................................................................................................................................133
5-5-1 : پیشنهادات کاربردی..........................................................................................................133
5-5-2 : پیشنهادات پژوهشی...........................................................................................................133
منابع.........................................................................................................................................................135
پیوست ها................................................................................................................................................142
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